TURKMENISTAN
559 BC - 330 BC
Persia
Achaemenid Empire
323 BC - 312 BC
Macedonia
Empire of Alexander the Great
312 BC - 163 BC
Persia
Seleucid Empire
163 BC - 208
Parthian Empire
208 - 649
Sassanian Empire
649 - 661
Under Arab rule.
Rashidun Caliphate
661 - 750
Umayyad
750 - 977
Persia
Abbasid Dynasty
Ghaznavid Dynasty
1031 - 1187
1045 - 1194
Seljuk Dynasty
1077 - 1221
Khwarazmian Dynasty
1221 - 1384
Mongol Occupation
Mongolian war Sulde (black):
1384 - 1405
Persia
Timurid Dynasty
1405 - 1502
1502 - 1524
Safavid Dynasty
1524 - 1576
1576 - 1747
1736 - 1750
Afsharid Dynasty
1750 - 1794
Zand Dynasty
1794 - 1797
Qajar Dynasty
1797 - 1848
1848 - 1860
1860 - 1883
Russia
1883 - 1914
1914 - 1917
1917 - 1918
Turkestan (Ashkhabad)
1918 - 1919
Turkestan
1919 - 1921
1921 - 1924
1924 - 1955
1955 - 1991
1991 - 1992
Turkmenistan
1992 - 1997
1997 - 2001
Turkmenistan in the Soviet Union.
1926 - 1929
1929 - 1929
1929 - 1937
1937 - 1940
1940 - 1953
1953 - 1955
1955 - 1974
1974 - 1991
