SYRIA
586 BC - 332 BC
Persia
Achaemenid Empire
332 BC - 312 BC
Macedonia
Empire of Alexander the Great
312 BC - 63 BC
Persia
Seleucid Empire
63 BC - 313
Roman Empire
313 - 632
Byzantine Empire
632 - 661
Under Arab rule.
Rashidun Caliphate
661 - 750
Umayyad Caliphate
750 - 1258
Persia
Abbasid Dynasty
1258 - 1516
Mameluke Sultanate
Ottoman Empire
1517 - 1793
1793 - 1844
1844 - 1918
1918 - 1920
Syria
1920 - 1920
1920 - 1920
Syria (french mandate)
1920 -1922
Syria (5 state federation)
Alawite
Aleppo
Damascus
Jebel Druze
Liban
1922 - 1930
Syria (federation)
1930 -1932
Syria
1932 - 1958
1958 - 1961
United Arab Republic
1961 - 1963
Syria
1963 - 1972
1972 - 1980
1980 - 2024
